b12 injection and coronavirus Long COVID Pernicious Anaemia Vitamin B12 Injections | B12

Acquired causes of B12 deficiency can be 1) dietary, especially in vegetarian and vegan populations, 2) autoimmune, as seen in pernicious anaemia, where there is destruction of IF-producing parietal cells mediated by autoantibodies, 3) iatrogenic secondary to disruption of the acid-base status of the stomach (e.g., with proton pump inhibitor use or metformin), and 4) caused by malfunction of the terminal ileum (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohns disease, gastric bypass or surgical resection)

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IgM in significant quantity can give you 'Thick Blood' [shocking term] because it increases the plasma viscosity, but that's another story

Please note that the above-mentioned percentages are approximate estimates only