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One of the hallmarks of dysfunctional T cells is an increase in certain inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, Tim-3, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 (114)

In adipose tissue, alterations in PER2 impair the rhythmic secretion of leptin and adiponectin, while dysfunction of REV-ERB compromises the repression of lipogenic and inflammatory genes, thereby intensifying visceral fat accumulation and promoting chronic low-grade inflammation (Szewczyk-Golec et al., 2015

Disorders of heme biosynthesis: X-linked sideroblastic anemia and the porphyrias

Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin induce mitochondrial damage and ROS production, triggering mitophagy as a survival response