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Specifically, when mitochondrial DNA leaks, it triggers the immune response, including interferon activation, as a danger signal from the damaged mitochondria.[ref] Some viral infections also trigger mitophagy, or mitochondrial destruction, which works to help the virus evade the immune response.[ref] Interleukin-2 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an integral role in activating T cells, NK cells, and macrophages

10.1002/14651858.CD011412.pub3 2

Only 15% of a standard 2-g dose is absorbed into the blood in healthy individuals and just 5% of an oral 6-g dose [51,52]

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 303.Guzinski M, Lindner E, Pendley B, et al