glutathione repairs leaky gut dr chris shade Unlocking Health: The Crucial Role of Glutathione with Cofactors

1995, 310 (Pt 1): 353-358

Abbreviations IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease CD: Crohn's disease UC: Ulcerative colitis ROS: Reactive oxygen species AI: Artificial intelligence GBD: Global Burden of Disease Tregs: Regulatory T cells IL-22: Interleukin-22 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TLRs: Toll-like receptors Th1: T helper 1 cell Th 17: T helper 17 cell Treg cell: Regulatory T cell TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TLRs: Toll-like receptors CD14: Cluster of differentiation 14 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells LPS: Lipopolysaccharides IFN: I interferons AMPs: Antimicrobial peptides PRR: Pattern recognition receptor HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha HIF-2: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha HIFs: Hypoxia-inducible factors NOX: NADPH oxidase DUOX: Dual oxidase NK: Natural killer mTORC1: Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 IL-17: Interleukin-17 T: Gamma delta T DSS: Dextran sodium sulfate ISS-DNA: Immune-stimulating DNA sequences CuS: Copper sulfide DSF: Disulfiram EL: Exosome-like PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone CLR: C-type lectin receptor ICOS: Inducible costimulatory molecules RORt: Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t MAIT: Mucosal-associated invariant T BAFF: B cell activating factor MLB: Mesenteric lymph node B cells TNBS: 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid CCR8: C-C Chemokine Receptor 8 CCL1: C-C Chemokine Ligand 1 SAMP1/Yit: Senescence-accelerated mouse P1/Yit strain DCs: Dendritic cells ILCs: Innate lymphoid cells S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor IECs: Intestinal epithelial cells TJs: Tight junctions ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1 MLCK: Myosin light chain kinase MLC: Myosin light chain SA: Sulforaphane TCPTP: T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase JAK1: Janus kinase 1 STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ROCK2: Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase StAR: Steroidogenic acute regulatory START: StAR protein-related lipid transfer STARD7: START domain-containing protein 7 AGP: Aloe vera polysaccharides Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 RhoA: Ras homolog gene family, member A LCN2: Lipocalin-2 PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors AM: Adrenal medullin ER: Endoplasmic reticulum UPR: Unfolded protein respons CRS: Chronic restraint stress P-eIF2: Phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 CXCL8: C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 S1PR2: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 M1: Classically activated macrophages EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor MET: Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor INSR: Insulin receptor RETREG1: Reticulophagy regulator 1 BSG: Basigin Caco-2: Carcinoma of the colon-2 SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids TCR-/-: T cell receptor subunit knockout TCR: T cell receptor dimer ETBF: Enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis GPR43/109A: G protein-coupled receptor 109A AIEC: Invasive Escherichia coli O 2 : Superoxide anion OH: Hydroxyl radicals RO 2 : Peroxy group RO: Alkoxy radicals HOCl: Hypochloric acid 1 O 2 : Singlet oxygen H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase mtROS: Mitochondrial ROS T-bet: T-box transcription factor 21 TCR: T cell receptor Foxp3: Forkhead box P3 PHD: Prolyl hydroxylase RET: Reverse electron transfer PUFA-PE: Polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines ACSL4: Acyl-coA synthetase long-chain family member 4 15-LOX: 15-Lipoxygenase CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10 DHODH: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal MDA: Malondialdehyde Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ECM: Extracellular matrix TGF-: Transforming growth factor- GWAS: Genome-wide association studies NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 ATG16L1: Autophagy-related gene 16-like 1 IRGM: Immunity-related GTPase M TWAS: Transcriptome-wide association studies TFEB: Transcription factor EB LRRK2: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 GPR35: G protein-coupled receptor 35 ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase CRIF1: CR6 interacting factor 1 miR-374a-5p: MicroRNA-374a-5p VEO-IBD: Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein HLA: Human leukocyte antigen LRBA: Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein STXBP2: Syntaxin-binding protein 2 MD: Mediterranean Diet PFOS: Perfluorooctane sulfonate BPA: Bisphenol A CXCR2: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 MHC: Major histocompatibility complex TDM: Therapeutic drug monitoring MAdCAM-1: Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 ADA: Anti-drug antibodies JAKs: Janus kinases TYK2: Tyrosine kinase 2 FDA: Food and drug administration VTE: Venous thromboembolism FOXP3: Forkhead box P3 CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 PD-1: Programmed death-1 FUT7: 1,3-Fucosyltransferase VII CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor RIPK2: Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 PPARs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors NLR: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms COS: Chitosan oligosaccharides HSP 70: Heat shock protein 70 MenSCs: Menstrual blood-derived endometrial mesenchymal stem cells PTPN2: Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 CH25H: Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase ATF3: Activating transcription factor 3 SREBP2: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 MPST: 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase PHLDA1: Pleckstrin homology-like domain family a member 1 DJ-1: Parkinsonism-associated deglycase hADSC-Exo: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes rsTM: Recombinant soluble thrombomodulin HASH: Hyaluronic acid hydrogel FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation CDI: Clostridium difficile infection RCTs: Randomized controlled trials SynCom: Synthetic microbiota HDAC: Histone deacetylase PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase FAO: Fatty acid oxidation AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase RetSat: Retinol saturated enzyme SIRT1: Sirtuin 1 TRUC: Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1)-related unfolded protein response(UPR)-mediated colitis N4BP3: NEDD4 binding protein 3 FXR: Farnesoid X receptor DCA: Deoxycholic acid References Andre F

Mustacich D, Powis G

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