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Figure 1 Accordingly, nave CD4 + T cells isolated from RA patient exhibit diminished glycolytic activity ( + T cells become pathogenic memory and effector T cells, they utilize glucose in a distinctly different manner than nave CD4 + T cells from healthy individuals: they avoid glycolytic breakdown into lactate and instead divert glucose into the PPP, driving the accumulation of NADPH and consumption of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)

The accumulation of ROS and RNS results in lipid peroxidation, where polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in neuronal membranes undergo oxidative damage, compromising cell integrity and function

Zgair A, Dawood Y, Ibrahem SM, Back H, Kagan L, Gershkovich P, Lee JB

[Abstract]2026 Mar 25:e21164