2.1.4 Dendritic cells: maturation, antigen presentation, and cytokine release Dendritic cells (DCs), as key antigen-presenting cells (APCs), orchestrate anti-tumor responses in the TIME ( Microbial metabolites like isodeoxycholic acid (isoDCA), converted from deoxycholic acid (DCA) by bacteria such as Eggerthella lenta and Clostridium scindens ( Similarly, secondary BAs like LCA and DCA suppress DC cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-12, IL-6) and co-stimulatory molecule expression through TGR5 activation, promoting tolerogenic phenotypes ( Nonetheless, BA effects vary by context
After the membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk TBST (20 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20), it was incubated with streptavidin (SA) coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1:1000, Pierce) and washed three times with TBST for 10 min
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In the theory of TCM, RA is thought to be caused by the attack of wind, cold, damp humor, and herbs with the effect of removing wind and dampness are used to relieve pain (7, 8)