b12 injections and liver disease Frontiers B12 Injection: Boosting Energy and

Advantages: Usually less painful Easier for self-administration Smaller needle However, this technique may not be suitable for everyone

Acquired causes of B12 deficiency can be 1) dietary, especially in vegetarian and vegan populations, 2) autoimmune, as seen in pernicious anaemia, where there is destruction of IF-producing parietal cells mediated by autoantibodies, 3) iatrogenic secondary to disruption of the acid-base status of the stomach (e.g., with proton pump inhibitor use or metformin), and 4) caused by malfunction of the terminal ileum (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohns disease, gastric bypass or surgical resection)

Jensen, Potential role of new therapies in modifying cardiovascular risk in overweight patients with metabolic risk factors, Obes

Khosravi, M., N