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Alternative M2 activation of Kupffer cells by PPAR ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance

Yes, some peptides may support fat metabolism, but they are not a substitute for diet, exercise, or metabolic care

Glossary CD Crohns disease IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IL-6 Interleukin-6 LPS Lipopolysaccharides TNF- Tumor necrosis factor- NF-B Nuclear factor kappa-B NK Natural killer IFN- Interferon- CCR2 C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 RANTES Regulated on Activation, Normal T-Cell Expression and Secretion DCs Dendritic cells IL-12 Interleukin-12 IL-18 Interleukin-18 IL-23 Interleukin-23 TGF- Transforming growth factor- IL-17 Interleukin-17 Tregs Regulatory T cells MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase JNK C-Jun amino-terminal kinases COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2 LOX Lipoxygenase ROS Reactive oxygen species SOD Superoxide dismutase CAT Catalase GSH Glutathione GPx Glutathione peroxidase SCFA Short-chain fatty acid IL-8 Interleukin-8 PGE2 Prostaglandin E2 iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase NO Nitric oxide TNBS 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid PE Pomegranate extract EA Ellagic acid Ach Polyphenolic maqui extract Nrf-2/HO-1 Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/hemoxygenase-1 CRP Calprotectin PCDAI Pediatric Crohns Disease Activity Index AOPP Advanced oxidation protein products DAO Diamine oxidase CDAI Crohns disease activity index SCCAI Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index GRO Growth-regulated oncogene GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor oxLDL/LDL Oxidized low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein AAS Amino acids IL-1 Interleukin-1 NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Th17 T helper 17 Th1 T helper 1 IL-23R IL-23 receptor JAK Janus kinase STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 AP-1 Activator protein-1 MPO Myeloperoxidase ARE Nrf2/antioxidant response element HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 MDA Malondialdehyde LPO Lipid peroxides GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-2 Glucagon-like peptide-2 CCK Cholecystokinin MLCK myosin light chain kinase UA Urolith A DSS Dextran sodium sulfate mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible factor DH-RES Dihydroresveratrol MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cell LOB Linoorbitide ENL Enterolactone END Enterodiol IL-17A Interleukin-17A ZO-1 Zonula occludens-1 TEER Trans-epithelial electrical resistance FAK Focal adhesion kinase IgA Immunoglobulin A UC ulcerative colitis EGCG ()-epigallocatechin-3-gallate References 1 Al-KhayriJ

Nahrungsergnzungsmittel sind kein Ersatz fr eine ausgewogene Ernhrung