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Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a genetically heterogeneous subset of autosomal dominant progressive neurological disorders predominantly caused by expansion of a glutamine-encoding CAG trinucleotide repeat, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, dysfunction of ion channels and mitochondria, and ultimately neurodegeneration, with PCs, brainstem, and spinal cord neurons being particularly affected in SCA type 1 (Watase et al., 2002

Meta-analytic data indicate that tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds often exhibit significantly reduced ABR wave-I amplitudes, consistent with synaptic loss, and an increased wave-V/I ratio, suggesting central gain enhancement, although changes in wave-V amplitude are inconsistent across studies 43,63

Moreover, rodent models are often exposed to UV light at much higher doses than diurnal animals experience environmentally in order to shorten the experimental time course required for the development of cataract

This adaptation presents a targetable vulnerability whereby the functional inhibition of this adaptive response greatly increased the effectiveness of 5FU across CRC models in vitro and in vivo