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The 10 ng/kg minimum effective dose established BPC-157 as among the most potent cytoprotective peptides identified from endogenous sources at that time

These findings indicate that the GR activity of AIF is contingent on AIF protein structure and NAD(P)H/FAD binding

To conceptualize the biological basis of this process, fourteen hallmarks of ageing have been proposed, including genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, impaired macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, stem cell exhaustion, and dysbiosis [105]